The Model Context Protocol gives agents a clean way to call tools. Each tool still calls another system with a credential, and that credential is where the access lives. These pages cover the server as an identity.
The basics, in two answers.
The Model Context Protocol is a standard for connecting tools and data sources to AI agents. A server exposes tools, an agent calls them, and the server carries out each call against the real system using its own credentials.
What the server can reach, and who can make it reach. The protocol does not hold the access. The key, token or service account behind each tool does, and every agent allowed to call that server inherits it.
The same picture from a different starting point.
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